The new space model is an example of climate-related impacts that we may not yet know.

Here comes a topic: weather forecasting ask, whether there is a link between auroral activity and the winter climate on the Northern Hemisphere. 

Yes, says professor Kalevi Mursula of the University of Oulu. According to professor Mursula spsicific energetic electron precipitation (EEP) is an important source of polar nitrogen oxides (NOx) in the upper atmosphere. 

During winter, mesospheric NOx has a long chemical lifetime and is transported to the stratosphere by the mean meridional circulation. Climate change is expected to accelerate this circulation and therefore increase polar mesospheric descent rates. 

But Kalevi Mursula says that the information obtained from the effect of solar wind and charged particles is relatively recent, and it has hardly been taken into account in, for example, the IPCC's climate assessments by computer simulations.

According to Mursula this model example of climate-related impacts that we may not yet be aware of. 

They investigate the Southern Hemispheric polar NOx distribution during the 21st century under a variety of future scenarios using simulations of the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM). We simulate stronger polar mesospheric descent in all future scenarios that increase the atmospheric radiative forcing. Polar NOx in the upper stratosphere is significantly enhanced in two future scenarios with the largest increase in radiative forcing. 

This indicates that the ozone depleting NOx cycle will become more important in the future, especially if stratospheric chlorine species decline. Thus, EEP‐related atmospheric effects may become more prominent in the future. A wind system that rotates around the polar regions in the central atmosphere in winter is called a polar vortex or polar vortex. When the western air currents are stronger, it means that the Nordic winters are mild and rainy due to the winds. The western hemisphere is colder again. The hub vortex can break, causing the winds to weaken and change direction.